早在 2004 年,聖路易斯華盛頓大學的 Jeffrey I. Gordon 及其團隊以小鼠為材料的研究,即認為「腸道菌群是調解脂肪儲存的重要環境因素」,他們發現無菌小鼠(也就是經由剖腹產,然後養在無菌環境的小鼠)跟身體裡有腸道菌的一般小鼠相比,儘管攝取的食物量相同,但牠們的體脂肪仍然比較高。後續的研究則透過分析同母親的「胖小鼠」和「瘦小鼠」的腸道菌相,發現胖小鼠的腸道內細菌多樣性較低,且在主要兩個門(擬桿菌和硬毛蟲)差異較大。[1]
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