在鳥類的基因中,是由 Z 染色體和 W 染色體決定性別特徵,雄性的鳥類具有同型染色體(ZZ),雌性具有異型染色體(ZW),類似人類 XY 染色體的性別決定系統。
正常狀態下,卵母細胞會分裂成分別具有 Z 染色體的卵子和 W 染色體的卵子。如果分裂的時候出現問題,原本各帶一條染色體的兩顆卵子,會變成一顆卵子同時攜帶 Z 和 W 兩種性染色體,而另一顆則完全沒有性染色體。這顆同時具有兩種性染色體的卵子可能被兩條精子同時受精,如此一來,生出的後代就會同時具有 ZZ 和 ZW 的細胞;也就是說,這個後代的身體內會同時具有雄性特徵和雌性特徵。
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