J.Malcolm Elliott1 and Ulrich Kutschera. 2011. Medicinal leeches: historical use, ecology, genetics and conservation. Freshwater Reviews 4: 21-41
Jun-Gu Kang, Sohyun Won, Hye-Won Kim, Baek-Jun Kim, Bae-Keun Park, Tae-Seo Park, Hong-Yul Seo and Joon-Seok Chae. 2016. Molecular detection of Bartonella spp. in terrestrial leeches (Haemadipsa rjukjuana) feeding on human and animal blood in Gageo-do, Republic of Korea. Parasites & Vectors 9: 326-331
U. Kutschera. 2012. The Hirudo medicinalis species complex. Naturwissenschaften 99: 433–434
Sebastian Kvist, Gi-Sik Min & Mark E Siddall. 2013. Diversity and selective pressures of anticoagulants in three medicinal leeches (Hirudinida: Hirudinidae, Macrobdellidae). Ecology and Evolution 3: 918–933
Sebastian Kvist, Indra Neil Sarkar and Mark E. Siddall. 2011. Genome-wide search for leech antiplatelet proteins in the non-blood-feeding leech Helobdella robusta (Rhyncobdellida: Glossiphoniidae) reveals evidence of secreted anticoagulants. Invertebrate Biology 130: 344-350
Gi-Sik Min, Indra Neil Sarkar, and Mark E. Siddall. 2010. Salivary Transcriptome of the North American Medicinal Leech, Macrobdella decora. Journal of Parasitology 96: 1211-1221
Mark E. Siddall, Peter Trontelj, Serge Y. Utevsky, Mary Nkamany and Kenneth S. Macdonald III. 2007. Diverse molecular data demonstrate that commercially available medicinal leeches are not Hirudo medicinalis. Proc. R. Soc. B 274: 1481–1487
Sawyer, R.T. 1986. Leech Biology and Behaviour. Oxford University Press, New York, USA
Michel Salzet. 2001. Minireview Anticoagulants and inhibitors of platelet aggregation derived from leeches. FEBS Letters 492: 187-192
Michel Salzet. 2002. Leech Thrombin Inhibitors. Current Pharmaceutical Design 8: 493-503
A. M. Abdualkader, A. M. Ghawi, M. Alaama, M. Awang, and A. Merzouk. 2013. Leech Therapeutic Applications. Indian J Pharm Sci 75: 127–137
K.S. Bharanija, K. Jalagandeswarar & V. Ashok. 2016. Hirudotherapy-A Cure in Vampire’s kiss: A Review. J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. 8: 822-827
J.Malcolm Elliott1 and Ulrich Kutschera. 2011. Medicinal leeches: historical use, ecology, genetics and conservation. Freshwater Reviews 4: 21-41
U. Kutschera. 2012. The Hirudo medicinalis species complex. Naturwissenschaften 99: 433–434
Sebastian Kvist, Gi-Sik Min & Mark E Siddall. 2013. Diversity and selective pressures of anticoagulants in three medicinal leeches (Hirudinida: Hirudinidae, Macrobdellidae). Ecology and Evolution 3: 918–933
Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu. 2014. Recommendations for the Use of Leeches in Reconstructive Plastic Surgery. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Article ID 205929, 7 pages
Mark E. Siddall, Peter Trontelj, Serge Y. Utevsky, Mary Nkamany and Kenneth S. Macdonald III. 2007. Diverse molecular data demonstrate that commercially available medicinal leeches are not Hirudo medicinalis. Proc. R. Soc. B 274: 1481–1487
Porshinsky BS, Saha S, Grossman MD, Beery II PR, Stawicki SPA. 2011. Clinical uses of the medicinal leech: A practical review. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 57: 65-71
Sawyer, R.T. 1986. Leech Biology and Behaviour. Oxford University Press, New York, USA
Eric W. Wang, David K. Warren, Vicky M. Ferris, Ed Casabar, Brian Nussenbaum. 2013. Leech-Transmitted Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Aeromonas hydrophila. ARCH OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 137: 190-193
I.S. Whitaker, J. Rao, D. Izadi, P.E. Butler. 2004. Historical Article: Hirudo medicinalis: ancient origins of, and trends in the use of medicinal leeches throughout history. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 42: 133—137