為有效綜合評估人在各種自然物理因子的影響下,對環境的溫度舒適度感受,丹麥Ole Fanger在1972年便藉由1,300多位受試者的實驗,透過統計分析找出各項可能影響熱舒適度的影響因子,建立衡量熱舒適度的公式,包含預測平均表決(predicted mean vote, PMV),以及預測不滿意百分比(predicted percentage of dissatisfied, PPD),而其所考慮的多項影響因子中,人體的活動量是主要因素。
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年齡、肥胖、家族史、更年期、顱顏結構變異(如:口咽氣道狹窄)、吸菸、喝酒皆會增加 OSA 之易感性(vulnerability)[4]。肥胖(尤其頸圍較大,即脖子較粗者)為 OSA 的重要風險因子,由於脂肪沉積於周邊結構,上呼吸道的解剖構造受影響,因而增加氣道塌陷的可能 [2]。在高收入國家,OSA 的盛行率有逐漸升高之趨勢。
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