再進一步了解之前,讓我們先來複習卵子(ocyte)的生成過程。舉人類為例子,初級卵母細胞(primary oocyte)在出生後皆停在第一次減數分裂前期(meiosis I prophase)。接著在性成熟後初級卵母細胞變成次級卵母細胞(secondary oocyte),這過程細胞從帶有雙套染色體變成單套。隨著固定的週期次級卵母細胞進行第二次減數分裂至中期(meosis II metaphase),待受精後才完成第二次減數分裂。此時帶有一套兩倍染色單體(chromatid)的次級卵母細胞變成只有一套一倍染色單體的卵子。但有趣的是經過兩次減數分裂而生成的四顆細胞只有一顆能成為卵子,剩下的則變成極體(polar body)被降解。因此,染色體要努力讓自己被分配到能夠遺傳下去的配子中(gamete)。
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