年齡、肥胖、家族史、更年期、顱顏結構變異(如:口咽氣道狹窄)、吸菸、喝酒皆會增加 OSA 之易感性(vulnerability)[4]。肥胖(尤其頸圍較大,即脖子較粗者)為 OSA 的重要風險因子,由於脂肪沉積於周邊結構,上呼吸道的解剖構造受影響,因而增加氣道塌陷的可能 [2]。在高收入國家,OSA 的盛行率有逐漸升高之趨勢。
如果要接受手術治療,應先確認其 OSA 是否為上呼吸道結構異常所導致,與醫師詳盡溝通,審慎考量手術之成功率與可能併發症再作決定。
由於影響 OSA 的因素繁多,包括過重、睡眠習慣不佳、鼻塞、藥物的使用、酒精的攝取等。無論採取何種方式治療,都應同時考量這些疾病相關因子並適當介入,在治療 OSA 及改善睡眠品質上都將更有效益。
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