人類首次發現地磁逆轉,就是前述發生在 42000 年前的「拉尚事件」(Laschamps event),也是被研究得最透徹的地磁逆轉。拉尚事件存在的證據散佈世界各地,最新來自澳洲塔斯馬尼亞一個天然冰河湖的沉積物岩芯。但地磁逆轉的發生,究竟會對地球的氣候與生態造成多大程度的影響,一直是科學上待釐清的疑問。來自澳洲新南威爾斯大學 (University of New South Wales) 與南澳博物館 (South Australian Museum) 的科學團隊最新的研究發現,地磁逆轉對地球帶來的衝擊比過去所想象的來得大,其影響範圍遍佈全球。
當時地球磁場的强度減弱到今天的 6% 以下,是羅盤也會找不着北的程度。因此近乎失去磁場的地球,就像在充滿危險高能量粒子的太空中衣不蔽體,宇宙輻射可直接到達大氣層。而與此同時,太陽正經歷好幾次的太陽活動極小期(Grand Solar Minimum),儘管總體而言這時期的太陽活動較不頻繁,但也更不穩定,常常噴發巨大的太陽耀斑,使更强大的宇宙射線襲向地球。模型顯示,更禍不單行的是來自太空和太陽耀斑的宇宙射線,穿透大氣層上層使空氣中的分子帶電,造成一系列的化學反應,讓平流層的臭氧也流失慘重。此時期的地球表面,磁場與臭氧層的保護同時被削弱,對生物有害的宇宙輻射與紫外光比以往更強烈。
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