當我們照一張 X 光時,部分的 X 光波會穿越身體並顯影出來,然而,如果 X 光碰到骨骼等硬物時便會反射,在影像上便無法呈現而留下空白(這也就是為什麼照 X 光時,醫護人員都會提醒項鍊要拿掉,你應該不希望項鍊亂湊一腳吧?),雖然我們無法直接拿醫療用的 X 光穿透地心,但卻可以運用同樣的原理探勘地球內部。如果我們能製造出穿過地心的波動,地球構造也可以像拍 X 光一樣來得到才對,答案很接近了! 所以,我們缺乏的關鍵就是:要如何製造巨大的波動源? 最好還要傳得夠遠、能穿進地球深處。
地球的內部構造以及現今廣為接受的地球內部震波速度。圖/作者提供
故事要先回到 1889 年 4 月 17 日,德國天文學家瑞布爾帕西維茲(Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz)一如往常地走到他在波茨坦電報山(Telegraph Hill)的重力觀測站查看天文引力(因為天體造成引力的變化)留下的重力紀錄。那天,不同於往常圓滑的波動,一個短暫而劇烈震盪的訊號被記錄下,如下圖,起初他十分困惑,不知道該如何解釋這個古怪的訊號。
左:利用模擬所得到的 Sg 波(地殼中的 S 波,黑線)以及 Sn 波(在莫荷面上的 S 波,藍線),模型設定的地殼波速為 2km/s、地函為 6km/s。模擬出的走時圖中,Sg 和 Sn 便分別為 2.1 km/s 與 6km/s 的速度前進。右: Sg 波與 Sn 波在地球中傳遞的方式,由於 Sn 波是以地函的速度前進,因此有可能比 Sg 快。圖/作者提供
而另一種,那個開冰箱慢吞吞的機器人,雖然看起來笨,卻是在做一件革命性的事:它正在試圖由 AI 驅動,真正開始「理解」這個世界 。它在學習什麼是冰箱、什麼是蘋果、以及如何控制自己的力量才能順利拿起它。這個過程之所以緩慢,正是因為過去驅動它的「大腦」,也就是 AI 晶片的算力還不夠強,無法即時處理與學習現實世界中無窮的變數 。
這就是關鍵! 過去以NVIDIA Jetson Orin™作為大腦的機器人,僅能以有限的速度運行VLA模型。而由 VLA 模型驅動,讓 AI 能夠感知、理解並直接與物理世界互動的全新形態,正是「物理 AI」(Physical AI)的開端 。NVIDIA Jetson Thor 的強大算力,就是為了滿足物理 AI 的嚴苛需求而生,要讓機器人擺脫「復健」,迎來真正自主、流暢的行動時代 。
NVIDIA Jetson Thor 的強大算力,就是為了滿足物理 AI 的嚴苛需求而生,要讓機器人擺脫「復健」,迎來真正自主、流暢的行動時代 / 圖片來源:研華科技
其中,物理 AI 強調的 vision to action,就需要研華設計對應的硬體來實現;譬如視覺可能來自於一般相機、深度相機、紅外線相機甚至光達,你的系統就要有對應的介面來整合視覺;你也會需要控制介面去控制馬達伸長手臂或控制夾具拿取物品;你也要有 WIFI、4G 或 5G 來傳輸資料或和別的 AI 溝通,這些都需要具體化到一個系統上,這個系統的集大成就是機器人。
從樓梯的階高、門把的設計,到桌椅的高度,無一不是為了適應人類的雙足、雙手與身高而存在 。對 AI 而言,採用人形的軀體,意味著它能用與我們最相似的視角與方式去感知和學習這個世界,進而最快地理解並融入人類環境 。這背後的邏輯是,與其讓 AI 去適應千奇百怪的非人形設計,不如讓它直接採用這個已經被數千年人類文明「驗證」過的最優解 。
這也區分了「通用型 AI 人形機器人」與「專用型 AI 工業自動化設備」的本質不同 。後者像高度特化的工具,產線上的機械手臂能高效重複鎖螺絲,但它無法處理安裝柔軟水管這種預設外的任務 。而通用型人形機器人的目標,是成為一個「多面手」,它能在廣泛學習後,理解物理世界的運作規律 。理論上,今天它在產線上組裝伺服器,明天就能在廚房裡學會煮菜 。
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