瀰漫性大型 B 細胞淋巴瘤(Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma,DLBCL)是一種生長非常快速、侵襲性極高的非何杰金氏淋巴瘤。李冠德醫師解釋,瀰漫性大型B細胞淋巴瘤是由體內的 B 細胞發生變異,轉化成癌細胞而引起,也可能出現在淋巴結以外的部位,包括腸胃道、皮膚、骨骼、甚至中樞神經系統等。
瀰漫性大型 B 細胞淋巴瘤的進展相當迅速,常常在數週內急遽惡化,因此必須及早診斷並盡快開始治療。李冠德醫師說,經過第一線治療後,約有六成的病人可以達到完全緩解,進而痊癒;然而仍有約三到四成的病人會復發,而且復發通常發生在完成治療後的兩年內。
「近年來瀰漫性大型 B 細胞淋巴瘤的病人相較就幸運多了,治療方式大幅進步,復發後的用藥選擇陸續推陳出新,預後也大大改善!」李冠德醫師分析,對於復發或難治型病患,目前已有 CAR-T 細胞療法、抗體藥物複合體 ADC、雙特異性抗體(Bispecific Antibody,BsAb)等,都可幫助患者大幅提高達成完全緩解的機會。
「其中,雙特異性抗體是目前繼 CAR-T 後最受注目的免疫治療之一,也被醫界普遍看好有潛力成為瀰漫性大型B細胞淋巴瘤復發後的標準治療。」李冠德醫師解釋,雙特異性抗體顧名思義,是一種能夠同時識別兩種抗原的突破性藥物設計,一端可辨識免疫殺手 T 細胞表面的 CD3 受體,另一端可辨識淋巴瘤表面的 CD20 受體,「就好像右手拉著 T 細胞,左手拉著癌細胞,把兩者拉近,使 T 細胞活化後,對癌細胞展開精準攻擊。目前雙特異性抗體也有不同設計,例如透過2:1的抗體結構,將辨識癌細胞的一端設計成兩個結合點,有望可以增加與淋巴瘤的結合能力。」
在臨床試驗中,也可以看到雙特異性抗體用於復發、難治型瀰漫性大型 B 細胞淋巴瘤,能夠快速、長期顯著提升緩解率的數據。「雙特異性抗體用於第三線治療時,約有四成的病人可以達成完全緩解(Complete Remission,CR),且有六、七成能維持完全緩解超過兩年以上,讓治癒在後線也變得可能。」李冠德醫師說,若病人在兩年內未復發,未來復發的機率將大幅降低,顯示雙特異性抗體確實可替後線病患爭取更佳的治癒機會。
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雙特異性抗體納給付:健保德政及時雨 補足 CAR-T 治療可近性
我國健保署已於民國 114 年 8 月起,將雙特異性抗體藥物納入瀰漫性大型 B 細胞淋巴瘤第三線健保給付。
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