但美國小兒科醫學會則鼓勵新生兒使用奶嘴,尤其是在睡覺時,因為可以降低嬰兒猝死症(Sudden Infant Death Syndrome;SIDS)的發生率。這裡的睡覺是很廣義的,包含每餐之間的小睡與深夜時的長睡。大家看到這邊可能會覺得有點困惑,上面兩個單位,提供的是互相悖反的論點。作為家長的我們,在這種情況之下,到底該如何權衡?
響應 WHO 與國際電信聯盟(International Telecommunication Union)在 2019 年提出的安全聆聽設備標準[2],許多手機與耳機製造商已開始著手在軟硬體端導入 WHO 的聆聽標準,可由「設定」內的「聲音與觸覺回饋/音效與震動」或下載應用程式做設定,功能雖因廠牌有異,但多涵蓋下述項目:
Berglund, Birgitta, Lindvall, Thomas, Schwela, Dietrich H & World Health Organization. Occupational and Environmental Health Team. (1999). Guidelines for community noise, 35. Available at:https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66217
Kim, G., & Han, W. (2018). Sound pressure levels generated at risk volume steps of portable listening devices: types of smartphone and genres of music. BMC public health, 18(1), 481. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5399-4
Le, T. N., Straatman, L. V., Lea, J., & Westerberg, B. (2017). Current insights in noise-induced hearing loss: a literature review of the underlying mechanism, pathophysiology, asymmetry, and management options. Journal of otolaryngology – head & neck surgery, 46(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-017-0219-x
Wu, P. Z., O’Malley, J. T., de Gruttola, V., & Liberman, M. C. (2021). Primary Neural Degeneration in Noise-Exposed Human Cochleas: Correlations with Outer Hair Cell Loss and Word-Discrimination Scores. The Journal of neuroscience, 41(20), 4439–4447. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3238-20.2021
Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., Janssen, S., & Stansfeld, S. (2014). Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health. Lancet, 383(9925), 1325–1332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61613-X