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第二擊,癌細胞死掉後散落出大量抗原和分子訊號,會吸引免疫系統的注意,將樹突細胞、T 細胞等多種免疫細胞從身體各處召喚過來。還有,病毒一進到人體,很短時間內樹突細胞就會辨識出病毒,接著釋放第一型干擾素。第一型干擾素是一種能刺激免疫系統的細胞激素,經過一連串下游反應,可以直接造成腫瘤損傷。同時,第一型干擾素也會促使 T 細胞聚集到腫瘤所在地,一起圍剿癌細胞。