同樣的,讓女性或少數族群擔綱過往由男性把持的英雄角色,也是在提供觀眾一種新的角色模板。例如哈利波特裡最聰明、能力最強的並不是被預言選上唯一能與佛地魔對抗的哈利,而是麻瓜出身的妙麗。先不討論作者 JK 羅琳近年與 LGBTQ 族群起的爭議,在 21 世紀初期,那位願意一拳揍上馬份鼻子、永遠是第一個想出困境解法的年輕女巫可是西方女性培力的代言人,成為許多年輕女孩嚮往與效仿的對象。
或許不是每部影視作品都能像哈利波特或迪士尼形塑一整個世代的社會風氣,又或者像人選之人這樣啟發前所未有的 Me Too 運動,但他們多少反映了我們現在身處的環境,同時為他的改變與延續做出一點貢獻。從這個角度去想,你會發現政治正確並不是現在才有的現象,而是從古至今一直都有的創作取向。而之所以「政治正確」會在現代引起如此大的爭議,其實還得歸功我們成功打破了刻板印象,以致於大家都有了「正確答案不只一種」的認知,這才會對與自身想法不同的答案表達質疑,不是嗎?
對了,你最近看過的戲劇作品中,哪些作品的性別呈現最深得你心呢?歡迎跟我們分享吧!我先說,我自己最愛的是《八尺門的辯護人》裡的 Leena 跟陳令秋,那你呢?
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2009 年風靡全球的電影《阿凡達》(Avatar),預計將在 2022 年底推出續集《阿凡達:水之道》(Avatar: The Way of Water)。當年第一集的劇情裡,下半身癱瘓的男主角,透過控制他的替身,而得以重新站起來。[1, 2]片名的英文單字「avatar」原有多重涵義,例如:虛擬世界的替身、印度教神祇的化身、代表某概念的人物等。[3]在現實世界中,以替身來彌補殘疾的概念,正是科技發展的潮流。2018 年日本的Avatar Work 技術,讓身障者從遠端操控機器人OriHime-D,為咖啡廳的客戶服務。[4]在不遠的將來「元宇宙」(metaverse)中的「虛擬替身」,也能給他們更便利的社交空間。[5]然而,有沒有什麼替身科技,是為精神障礙人士量身訂製的呢?
日本的 Avatar Work 技術,讓身障者從遠端操控機器人 OriHime-D,為咖啡廳的客戶服務。(來源:LTN on YouTube)
第二階段「關係、發展與情緒處理」(Relational, Developmental and Emotional Processes):在對話中導入自傳性的內容,試圖創造生命的意義,解決過往創傷,並重拾力量。受試者練習對抗幻聽(替身)的壓迫,由爭執中抽離,不從「它」或別人的角度看待自己。其中有些人藉此重塑被歧視的經驗,並接受自我;與幻聽中逝者的聲音(替身)對話,以撫平傷痛;或是勇敢面對羞愧自責的內在情緒,準備重新融入社會。結束前,則聚焦未來,討論對病患有意義的復原計劃。[12]