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關於綠建築的標準,讓我們先回到 1990 年,當時英國建築研究機構(BRE)首次發布有關「建築研究發展環境評估工具(Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method,BREEAM®)」,是世界上第一個建築永續評估方法。美國則在綠建築委員會成立後,於 1998 年推出「能源與環境設計領導認證」(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, LEED)這套評估系統,加速推動了全球綠建築行動。
雖然這麼說總免不了有些陳腔濫調,但霸王龍迄今仍是我最喜歡的一種恐龍;著名的演化生物學家古爾德(Stephen Jay Gould)在五歲時在博物館中看見了裝架好的霸王龍骨架,事後回憶道:「我從沒見過如此令人驚嘆的事物!」進而開啟了他的職業生涯。可見霸王龍是多麼深入人心,並且成為了某種不容抹滅的文化標誌!
巴納姆‧布朗也是一號奇怪的神祕人物,他經常在盛夏的懷俄明與亞伯達省的荒地中穿著一件厚重的獸皮大衣,同時也在兩次世界大戰中從事諜報工作。除了協助博物館採集化石之外,他也受雇於石油公司,經常過著白天採集化石、夜晚破壞敵對公司的油井與竊取商業機密的日子。就在 1902 年,由他親自帶領的探險隊從蒙大拿州的地獄溪組(Hell Creek Formation)找到了他有史以來最著名的發現,而這項發現即將撼動世人的目光!
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實際的例子,如飼養在馬廄的馬會出現橫向的重複行走(weaving and stall-waling),此動作可能導致體重下降甚至是背部受傷。堤岸田鼠(bank vole)則會一直貼近牆壁或木桿,使得身上因為摩擦而潰瘍。實驗室中的大小白鼠,也會出現重複性清洗身體的動作(grooming),此高頻率動作還可能讓所進行的實驗出現混淆變因。甚至是家中豢養的小貓小狗也會出現重複性的單調行為,好比持續三十分鐘玩窗簾或瘋狂舔毛。[1][3][5][6]
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Xing, L.D. Sinosaurus from Southwestern China. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta (Edmonton). 2012: 1–286.
Hendrickx, C., Hartman, S.A., & Mateus, O. (2015). An Overview of Non- Avian Theropod Discoveries and Classification. PalArch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 12(1): 1-73.
Wang Guo-Fu, You Hai-Lu, Pan Shi-Gang and Wang Tao. (2017). A New Crested Theropod Dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Yunnan Province, China. Vertebrata Palasiatica.