1944 年科學家 Samuel Gertler 合成的化合物 DEET(中譯「待乙妥」或「敵避」),在二戰期間被美軍用來驅蚊。[3]之後各種防蚊成份的研究過程,仍免不了仰賴人類和動物的活體貢獻。隨著近年 3D 列印與生物相容水凝膠的技術發展,開發替代品的時機逐漸成熟。理想上,餵食蚊子的水凝膠製品,要具備高解析度的 3D 列印血管、擴散於組織中的血液、對多種蚊子的吸引力、低廉的成本,以及較少的動物實驗倫理問題。此外,最好還能搭配一組攝影器材,與相應的數據運算模型。[1]
2023 年 2 月,美國研究團隊於《前沿生物工程與生物科技》(Frontiers Bioengineering and Biotechnology)期刊上,介紹他們一體成形的嘗試成果。[1]
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