但當時第一次世界大戰的主要參戰國家,如德、英、法、美等國為了避免影響士氣,嚴格管制媒體報導疫情。然而保持中立而未參戰的西班牙,因為沒有實施戰時審查制度,西班牙媒體自由報導著流感相關新聞,甚至連西班牙國王阿方索十三世(King Alfonso XIII)感染重症的消息也被廣泛報導,造成西班牙疫情特別嚴重的錯覺,也因此被命名為「西班牙流感」。
病毒外殼上還零星分布M2離子通道蛋白(M2 ion channel protein),但數量非常少,平均每100至200個HA,才有一個M2。套膜下則有M1基質蛋白(matrix protein M1)支撐病毒結構,維持病毒穩定。B型流感病毒的整體結構和A型非常類似,只是膜蛋白組成略有不同,除了HA和NA之外,另有兩種B型流感獨有的NB和BM2蛋白。至於C型流感病毒,外型就和A、B型明顯不同,它們在感染細胞表面時,能形成長達數百微米的「繩索狀結構」。
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