裸蓋菇素的研究引起了美國中央情報局 CIA 的注意,不過不是因為什麼違法亂紀的問題,而是他們⋯⋯也想「瞭解更多」!1950年代 CIA 有項名為 MK-Ultra 2 的精神控制計畫,希望找到一些可以作為吐真劑、審訊和行為操縱工具的潛力藥物。他們的實驗藥物包括裸蓋菇素、迷幻藥 LSD、嗎啡、海洛因、一種萃取自仙人掌的致幻劑麥斯卡林等,並在監獄、醫院、學校,甚至從巧立名目的慈善基金會裡招募試驗對象。3
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Long-term Follow-up of Psilocybin-facilitated Smoking Cessation – PMC (nih.gov)↩︎
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巴比妥酸最早由 1905 年的諾貝爾獎得主,化學家阿道夫.馮.拜爾(Adolf von Baeyer)在 1864 年合成,那時他正在研究尿酸的衍生物合成反應。不過單純的巴比妥酸無法作為藥物使用,一直到 1903 年,德國化學家,同時也是諾獎得主的埃米爾・費舍爾(Joseph von Mering)和他的同事約瑟夫・馮・梅林格(Joseph von Mering)成功製成了第一種巴比妥鹽類藥物,名為苯巴比妥(phenobarbital)。