基本上﹐科學家們提出了兩種方法來進行這項研究﹕一種是根據浦朗克常數﹐另一種則是根據亞佛加厥常數。在本期的Metrologia期刊裡﹐德國Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 標準實驗室的Peter Becker與比利時Institute of Reference Materials and Measurements的科學家們合作﹐發表了利用後者來重新校準物體質量單位的實驗結果。
要使用亞佛加厥常數來定義” 公斤” ﹐所必須克服的困難是如何準確地計算出到底一莫耳的物質﹐有多少原子在其中。為了達成這個目標﹐Becker等人利用稱為X-ray crystal density molar mass(XRCDMM) 的方法﹐嘗試從近乎完美的單晶矽﹐更精確地量測物質的晶格係數﹑密度﹑與莫耳質量。他們根據所得到的數據﹐將莫耳質量除以晶體密度﹐就得出所謂的莫耳體積 (一莫耳的矽原子所佔的體積)。同時﹐他們透過測量晶體的晶格大小﹐可以得到單一矽原子的體積。最後﹐將莫耳體積除以單一矽原子的體積﹐就得到了一莫耳原子的數目﹐也就是亞佛加厥常數。
Becker等人利用XRCDMM所得到的亞佛加厥常數﹐其值為6.0221353×1023。這個數字﹐與其它實驗所得到的結果大致相同。而由於實驗的限制﹐這個數字仍然有3.4×10-7的誤差。他們正在尋求International Avogadro Working Group的協助﹐希望將這個誤差降低到10-8的範圍。值得一提的是﹐Becker等人所得到的亞佛加厥常數﹐與最近由Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) 所建議的數字﹐有百萬分之一的差異。
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