Boto, E., N. Holmes, J. Leggett, G. Roberts, V. Shah, S. S. Meyer, L. D. Munoz, K. J. Mullinger, T. M. Tierney, S. Bestmann, G. R. Barnes, R. Bowtell and M. J. Brookes (2018). “Moving magnetoencephalography towards real-world applications with a wearable system.” Nature.
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Cohen, D. (1972). “Magnetoencephalography: detection of the brain’s electrical activity with a superconducting magnetometer.” Science175(4022): 664-666.
有趣的是,這份實驗也針對受試者判斷正確與判斷錯誤時的大腦變化進行比較,結果發現,當受試者判斷正確時,他們的大腦神經變化,會顯著地活化處理高階視覺反應的MT和側枕葉皮質(LOC) ,以及關於動作控制和處理的蒼白球(globus pallidus)和殼核(putamen) [7],還有牽涉到自我獎勵的額葉極區(frontal pole regions),且這些腦區的啟動,是不需要經過意識控制的!也就是說,他們的大腦會很自動地從辨認出球路切換到準備揮棒的模式裡,不需要經過大腦思考,這也是為什麼大聯盟傳奇名將Yogi Berra會說:「打者是不能一邊思考,一邊好好地打擊的(you can’t think and hit at the same time)。」。
Sherwin, J.Muraskin, & P.Sajda(2012)You can’t think and hit at the same time: neural correlates of baseball pitch classification. Front Neurosci, 6: p. 177.
Muraskin, J.Sherwin,& P.Sajda(2013)A System for Measuring the Neural Correlates of Baseball Pitch Recognition and Its Potential Use in Scouting and Player Development. Sports Analytics Conference.
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這項技術與目前使用的「意識測試」方法非常不同。巴黎硝石醫院(hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière)的神經學家 Lionel Naccache 表示,「實際上,大多數的測試都是要求病人用大腦進行需要意識的認知工作,例如想像在打網球。醫生觀察執行工作時的腦部訊號,就可以確認患者是否有意識。不過,我們很難解釋負面的結果,例如病人可能無法理解我們的措詞或者他正在睡覺等等。米蘭大學的 Marcello Massimini 與其同事共同設計的方式並不會受此限制」。
Boto, E., N. Holmes, J. Leggett, G. Roberts, V. Shah, S. S. Meyer, L. D. Munoz, K. J. Mullinger, T. M. Tierney, S. Bestmann, G. R. Barnes, R. Bowtell and M. J. Brookes (2018). “Moving magnetoencephalography towards real-world applications with a wearable system.” Nature.
Cohen, D. (1968). “Magnetoencephalography: evidence of magnetic fields produced by alpha-rhythm currents.” Science161(3843): 784-786.
Cohen, D. (1972). “Magnetoencephalography: detection of the brain’s electrical activity with a superconducting magnetometer.” Science175(4022): 664-666.