我們時常會形容一部電影是歡樂的、或者驚悚懸疑的,光是坐在電影院裡頭就能感受到影片的氣氛。但最近有科學家發現,對於某些電影來說「氣氛」並不是只有字面上的抽象意義。在德國的麥因茲(Mainz),馬克思.普朗克化學研究所(Max Planck Institute for Chemistry)和約翰.古騰堡大學(Johannes Gutenberg University)的科學家分析了電影院裡的空氣,發現不同的電影在放映時分別會在空氣中留有一些獨特的特徵。
同樣的,讓女性或少數族群擔綱過往由男性把持的英雄角色,也是在提供觀眾一種新的角色模板。例如哈利波特裡最聰明、能力最強的並不是被預言選上唯一能與佛地魔對抗的哈利,而是麻瓜出身的妙麗。先不討論作者 JK 羅琳近年與 LGBTQ 族群起的爭議,在 21 世紀初期,那位願意一拳揍上馬份鼻子、永遠是第一個想出困境解法的年輕女巫可是西方女性培力的代言人,成為許多年輕女孩嚮往與效仿的對象。
或許不是每部影視作品都能像哈利波特或迪士尼形塑一整個世代的社會風氣,又或者像人選之人這樣啟發前所未有的 Me Too 運動,但他們多少反映了我們現在身處的環境,同時為他的改變與延續做出一點貢獻。從這個角度去想,你會發現政治正確並不是現在才有的現象,而是從古至今一直都有的創作取向。而之所以「政治正確」會在現代引起如此大的爭議,其實還得歸功我們成功打破了刻板印象,以致於大家都有了「正確答案不只一種」的認知,這才會對與自身想法不同的答案表達質疑,不是嗎?
對了,你最近看過的戲劇作品中,哪些作品的性別呈現最深得你心呢?歡迎跟我們分享吧!我先說,我自己最愛的是《八尺門的辯護人》裡的 Leena 跟陳令秋,那你呢?
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最可疑的是當天在場的俱樂部成員尼可斯(Herbert Bishop Nichols),他也是基督科學箴言報(The Christian Science Monitor)的科學編輯。可考的記錄中,他第一個對外提出相關描述,後來被視為吃猛獁象的證據。
海龜湯的幾位相關人猿。(A) 據說將食材從北極帶回的極區探險家 Father Bernard Rosecrans Hubbard。(B) 極區探險家 George Francis Kosco。(C) 晚宴主辦人 Wendell Phillips Dodge。(D) 保存樣本的 Paul Griswold Howes。圖/取自 參考資料3
原文研究: “The The The The Induction of Jamais Vu in the Laboratory: Word Alienation and Semantic Satiation,” Chris J. A. Moulin, Nicole Bell, Merita Turunen, Arina Baharin, and Akira R. O’Connor, Memory, vol. 29, no. 7, 2021, pp. 933-942. doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2020.1727519
原文研究:“Necrobotics: Biotic Materials as Ready-to-Use Actuators,” Te Faye Yap, Zhen Liu, Anoop Rajappan, Trevor J. Shimokusu, and Daniel J. Preston, Advanced Science, vol. 9, no. 29, 2022, article 2201174. doi.org/10.1002/advs.202201174
“A Mountable Toilet System for Personalized Health Monitoring via the Analysis of Excreta,” Seung-min Park, Daeyoun D. Won, Brian J. Lee, Diego Escobedo, Andre Esteva, Amin Aalipour, T. Jessie Ge, et al., Nature Biomedical Engineering, vol. 4, no. 6, 2020, pp. 624-635. doi.org/10.1038/s41551-020-0534-9
“Digital Biomarkers in Human Excreta,” Seung-min Park, T. Jessie Ge, Daeyoun D. Won, Jong Kyun Lee, and Joseph C. Liao, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 18, no. 8, 2021, pp. 521-522. doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00462-0
“Smart Toilets for Monitoring COVID-19 Surges: Passive Diagnostics and Public Health,” T. Jessie Ge, Carmel T. Chan, Brian J. Lee, Joseph C. Liao, and Seung-min Park, NPJ Digital Medicine, vol. 5, no. 1, 2022, article 39. doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00582-0
“Passive Monitoring by Smart Toilets for Precision Health,” T. Jessie Ge, Vasiliki Nataly Rahimzadeh, Kevin Mintz, Walter G. Park, Nicole Martinez-Martin, Joseph C. Liao, and Seung-min Park, Science Translational Medicine, vol. 15, no. 681, 2023, article eabk3489. doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abk3489
研究對象以西班牙語為母語,他們能在對話中輕鬆地將 banana 念成 ananab,或是將「 basket is fun」念成「nuf si teksab」。研究著重在這兩位有著特殊能力的人,推理、記憶能力是否優於常人,以及大腦灰質、白質比例與一般人(對照組)是否有差別。
大腦如何組織語言一直都是個有趣的研究題目,像是為什麼中文的序順不會響影到閱讀,這也是 A 編跟大家都一樣好奇的。而了解大腦語言是如何形成的,也能推進對於失語症、癡呆症的症狀研究。
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原文研究:“Neurocognitive Signatures of Phonemic Sequencing in Expert Backward Speakers,” María José Torres-Prioris, Diana López-Barroso, Estela Càmara, Sol Fittipaldi, Lucas Sedeño, Agustín Ibáñez, Marcelo L. Berthier, and Adolfo M. García, Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 10621, 2020. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67551-z
原文研究:“The Quantification and Measurement of Nasal Hairs in a Cadaveric Population,” Christine Pham, Bobak Hedayati, Kiana Hashemi, Ella Csuka, Margit Juhasz, and Natasha Atanaskova Mesinkovska, Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology, vol. 83, no. 6, 2020, pp. AB202-AB202. doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.902
原文研究:“Augmented Gustation Using Electricity,” Hiromi Nakamura and Homei Miyashita, Proceedings of the 2nd Augmented Human International Conference, March 2011, article 34. doi.org/10.1145/1959826.1959860
“Boredom Begets Boredom: An Experience Sampling Study on the Impact of Teacher Boredom on Student Boredom and Motivation,” Katy Y.Y. Tam, Cyanea Y. S. Poon, Victoria K.Y. Hui, Christy Y. F. Wong, Vivian W.Y. Kwong, Gigi W.C. Yuen, Christian S. Chan, British Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 90, no. S1, June 2020, pp. 124-137. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31342514/
“Whatever Will Bore, Will Bore: The Mere Anticipation of Boredom Exacerbates its Occurrence in Lectures,” Katy Y.Y. Tam, Wijnand A.P. Van Tilburg, Christian S. Chan, British Journal of Educational Psychology, epub 2022. doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12549
原文研究:“Note on the Drawing Power of Crowds of Different Size,” Stanley Milgram, Leonard Bickman, and Lawrence Berkowitz, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 13, no. 2, 1969, pp. 79-82. psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0028070
原文研究: “Intense Upper Ocean Mixing Due to Large Aggregations of Spawning Fish,” Bieito Fernández Castro, Marian Peña, Enrique Nogueira, Miguel Gilcoto, Esperanza Broullón, Antonio Comesaña, Damien Bouffard, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, and Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Nature Geoscience, vol. 15, 2022, pp. 287–292. doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00916-3