裸蓋菇素的研究引起了美國中央情報局 CIA 的注意,不過不是因為什麼違法亂紀的問題,而是他們⋯⋯也想「瞭解更多」!1950年代 CIA 有項名為 MK-Ultra 2 的精神控制計畫,希望找到一些可以作為吐真劑、審訊和行為操縱工具的潛力藥物。他們的實驗藥物包括裸蓋菇素、迷幻藥 LSD、嗎啡、海洛因、一種萃取自仙人掌的致幻劑麥斯卡林等,並在監獄、醫院、學校,甚至從巧立名目的慈善基金會裡招募試驗對象。3
Single-dose psilocybin for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: A case report – PMC (nih.gov)↩︎
Single-dose psilocybin-assisted therapy in major depressive disorder: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial – eClinicalMedicine (thelancet.com)↩︎
Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial | Substance Use and Addiction Medicine | JAMA Psychiatry | JAMA Network↩︎
Long-term Follow-up of Psilocybin-facilitated Smoking Cessation – PMC (nih.gov)↩︎
Frontiers | Persisting Reductions in Cannabis, Opioid, and Stimulant Misuse After Naturalistic Psychedelic Use: An Online Survey (frontiersin.org)↩︎
同樣的,讓女性或少數族群擔綱過往由男性把持的英雄角色,也是在提供觀眾一種新的角色模板。例如哈利波特裡最聰明、能力最強的並不是被預言選上唯一能與佛地魔對抗的哈利,而是麻瓜出身的妙麗。先不討論作者 JK 羅琳近年與 LGBTQ 族群起的爭議,在 21 世紀初期,那位願意一拳揍上馬份鼻子、永遠是第一個想出困境解法的年輕女巫可是西方女性培力的代言人,成為許多年輕女孩嚮往與效仿的對象。
或許不是每部影視作品都能像哈利波特或迪士尼形塑一整個世代的社會風氣,又或者像人選之人這樣啟發前所未有的 Me Too 運動,但他們多少反映了我們現在身處的環境,同時為他的改變與延續做出一點貢獻。從這個角度去想,你會發現政治正確並不是現在才有的現象,而是從古至今一直都有的創作取向。而之所以「政治正確」會在現代引起如此大的爭議,其實還得歸功我們成功打破了刻板印象,以致於大家都有了「正確答案不只一種」的認知,這才會對與自身想法不同的答案表達質疑,不是嗎?
對了,你最近看過的戲劇作品中,哪些作品的性別呈現最深得你心呢?歡迎跟我們分享吧!我先說,我自己最愛的是《八尺門的辯護人》裡的 Leena 跟陳令秋,那你呢?
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