科學家發現,現代歐洲人和亞洲人都帶有尼安德塔人 DNA 時,震驚了學界和社會,可是這幾年過去,大家都接受了這個事實。而現在又發現,我們帶有的尼安德塔人 DNA 可能影響了我們的健康。
現代歐洲人和亞洲人大概帶有 1.5% 至 4% 的尼安德垃塔人 DNA,非洲人則不帶有尼安德塔人的 DNA。那些尼安德塔人 DNA 可能幫助我們的祖先適應新環境。但一項新研究卻顯示,尼安德塔人的遺傳變異可能和增加罹患憂鬱症、心臟病、過敏與其他疾病的風險有關。
科學家收集了幾個尼安德塔人、一個丹尼索瓦人和上千個現代人的全基因體序列,鑑定出一萬兩千個尼安德塔人的遺傳變異。美國范德比大學的演化基因體學家 John Capra 等人分析了兩萬八千位歐洲裔美國人的 DNA 序列和健康記錄電子資料庫後,發現來自尼安德塔人的遺傳變異些微地增加了罹患憂鬱症及心臟病的風險。
這些發現並非意味著尼安德塔人的遺傳變異是導致疾病的原因,可能只是它們接近真兇而被偵測到。這些發現有助科學家從 DNA 來預測人類罹患疾病的風險,並且瞭解我們的祖先是如何適應新環境。
原學術論文:
C.N. Simonti et al. The phenotypic legacy of admixture between modern humans and Neandertals. Science 12 Feb 2016: Vol. 351, Issue 6274, pp. 737-741. DOI: 10.1126/science.aad2149
來自馬來西亞,畢業於台灣國立清華大學生命科學系學士暨碩士班,以及美國加州大學戴維斯分校(University of California at Davis)遺傳學博士班,從事果蠅演化遺傳學研究。曾於台灣中央研究院生物多樣性研究中心擔任博士後研究員,現任教於國立清華大學分子與細胞生物學研究所,從事鳥類的演化遺傳學、基因體學及演化發育生物學研究。過去曾長期擔任中文科學新聞網站「科景」(Sciscape.org)總編輯,現任台大科教中心CASE特約寫手、Readmoo部落格【GENE思書軒】、關鍵評論網專欄作家;個人部落格:The Sky of Gene;臉書粉絲頁:GENE思書齋。
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幾乎每次回爭論,傳統教條都沒能站穩腳跟。二○一六年,我參加了一場約瑟夫.葛拉夫(Joseph L. Graves)在哈佛大學皮博迪考古與民族學博物館(Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography)的演講,主題是種族與遺傳學。在演講中,葛拉夫舉出五個能夠大幅影響皮膚色素沉積作用的突變,在不同族群中這五個突變出現的頻率差異很大。