這種男性之間為了爭奪伴侶而表現出的競爭關係能否用來提高他們在公益事業上的貢獻呢?2012年發表在《英國心理學期刊》(British Journal of Psychology)上的一篇論文[3]測試了這個想法。在實驗中,研究者總共召集了130名學生(平均年齡21歲,男女各半)作為實驗對象。在實驗中,研究人員發給每名學生3英鎊(約合30人民幣),並告訴學生他們可以把任意數量的錢留著自己用,並把剩下的錢存進一個公共賬戶(都在計算機上單獨操作)。在所有人分配完手頭的錢後,研究人員會統計公共賬戶的總數額,然後將這個數字再平均分給隨機抽出的少數幸運者。
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不管是大型電腦或個人電腦都需具有「中央處理單元」(central process unit,簡稱 CPU)。CPU 是電腦的「腦」,其電子電路負責處理所有軟體正確運作所需的所有任務,如算術、邏輯、控制、輸入和輸出操作等等。雖然早期的設計即可以讓一個指令同時做兩、三件不同的工作;但為了簡單化,我們在這裡所談的工作將只是執行算術和邏輯運算的工作(arithmetic and logic unit,簡稱 ALU),如將兩個數加在一起。在這一簡化的定義下,CPU 在任何一個時刻均只能執行一件工作而已。
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在個人電腦剛出現只能用於一般事物的處理時,CPU 均能非常勝任地完成任務。但電腦圖形和動畫的出現帶來了第一批運算密集型工作負載後,CPU 開始顯示心有餘而力不足:例如電玩動畫需要應用程式處理數以萬計的像素(pixel),每個像素都有自己的顏色、光強度、和運動等, 使得 CPU 根本沒辦法在短時間內完成這些工作。於是出現了主機板上之「顯示插卡」來支援補助 CPU。
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