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兩棲類的專屬地下道

科景_96
・2011/02/09 ・1066字 ・閱讀時間約 2 分鐘 ・SR值 575 ・九年級
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Original publish date:Aug 11, 2004

編輯 約翰麻吉 報導

兩棲類道路致死(road kill)事件頻傳,對族群的存活具威脅性。建立地下道是可行的解決方式,但最好在底部鋪上泥土並加裝導引柵欄,以增加兩棲類使用的可能性。

全球交通量的增加造成了兩棲類的衰減,如何降低道路致死機率是重要的課題。其中最可行的方法即在動物必經之路建立地下道;但關於兩棲類如何選擇和偏好何種類型之地下道,我們所知不多。因此芬蘭赫爾辛基大學David Lesbarrères和法國安格斯大學Thierry Lodé在法國西部進行實驗,選擇三種無尾類:食用蛙(Rana esculenta)、歐洲大蟾蜍(Bufo bufo)和捷蛙(Rana dalmatina),並設計兩種混凝土隧道:(1)管道底面鋪有泥土,(2)管道底面為裸露的混凝土,三種無尾類可藉由隧道或是一旁的草地到達另一端。結果發現:食用蛙和歐洲大蟾蜍偏好利用隧道通過,而捷蛙卻傾向經由旁邊的草地通過。而選擇通過隧道的物種,特別喜歡鋪有泥土的類型。

使用隧道通過的個體中,有68.4%偏好鋪有泥土的隧道通過,而歐洲大蟾蜍並沒有偏好何種隧道。由於兩棲類在繁殖期會受到細微理化因素的導引,而鹼性的混凝土對某些蛙類有遏止作用,故嗅覺可能影響其移動方向;但對蟾蜍影響不大。

除了嗅覺以外,影響兩棲類使用地下道與否的因素有:磁場、隧道出口光線的強度和濕度等,未來可朝這些方向改善兩棲類地下道;此外,由研究可知並非所有的兩棲類會利用地下道通過馬路,因此可能要再考慮其他可行方式,以落實兩棲族群的保育。

交通發達的今日,人類得以隨心所欲地到達各地,也因此許多兩棲類成了「輪下冤魂」;不僅如此,縱橫交錯的道路更造成棲地的破碎化,對族群產生負面影響,降低基因多樣性並增加近親繁殖機會,因而提高物種滅絕的風險。有鑑於此,歐洲地區已有不少國家,在修築道路時將兩棲類地下道納入考量,如法國早在1984年即開始推動兩棲類地下道,而瑞士近來也採用本文提到的隧道來保育兩棲類族群。反觀台灣,兩棲類物種雖多,在道路發達與車流量日增的情況下,卻不見任何相關之保育措施,對兩棲類族群威脅甚大。有關單位在進行開發前,更應審慎評估與規劃「無障礙設施」,以善待這群嬌弱的小生命!

原始論文:
Lesbarrères D, Lodé T, Merilä J. What type of road underpass could potentially reduce amphibian road kills? Oryx 38(2),1-4, 2004.

參考來源:

  • Lesbarrères D, Lodé T, Merilä J. What type of road underpass could potentially reduce amphibian road kills? Oryx 38(2), 1-4, 2004.

相關連結:

本文版權聲明與轉載授權資訊:

  • [Oct 20, 2004] 兩棲動物悲歌
  • [Oct 19, 2004] 死裡逃生

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