這次要介紹的研究是探討集體主義/個人主義如何影響我們的消費行為,特別是在購買一堆東西,而非一樣東西的時候。在第一個實驗中採用是比較安格拉裔(我們一般認定的白人)和拉丁裔的實驗參與者,在購買手機及其配件時,是否會有不同的購買偏好。過去的研究顯示拉丁裔的個體較屬於集體主義,而安格拉裔較屬於個人主義。在實驗一開始他們會請實驗參與者針對手機及三個相關配件去選擇自己的顏色偏好(紅、藍、黑或白),針對每個項目他們可以選擇不同的顏色。在選擇完之後,他們會被告知,有一項東西已經沒有貨了,那他們會選擇:1)只買那些有貨的產品;2)重新選擇;3)不購買。結果顯示,拉丁裔的實驗參與者在被告知有一項東西已經沒有貨時有較低的比率(49% vs. 71%)會選擇只購買那些有貨的產品,顯示集體主義有可能會影響消費的行為。
不管是大型電腦或個人電腦都需具有「中央處理單元」(central process unit,簡稱 CPU)。CPU 是電腦的「腦」,其電子電路負責處理所有軟體正確運作所需的所有任務,如算術、邏輯、控制、輸入和輸出操作等等。雖然早期的設計即可以讓一個指令同時做兩、三件不同的工作;但為了簡單化,我們在這裡所談的工作將只是執行算術和邏輯運算的工作(arithmetic and logic unit,簡稱 ALU),如將兩個數加在一起。在這一簡化的定義下,CPU 在任何一個時刻均只能執行一件工作而已。
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在個人電腦剛出現只能用於一般事物的處理時,CPU 均能非常勝任地完成任務。但電腦圖形和動畫的出現帶來了第一批運算密集型工作負載後,CPU 開始顯示心有餘而力不足:例如電玩動畫需要應用程式處理數以萬計的像素(pixel),每個像素都有自己的顏色、光強度、和運動等, 使得 CPU 根本沒辦法在短時間內完成這些工作。於是出現了主機板上之「顯示插卡」來支援補助 CPU。
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