深海之下,有著許多的資源蘊藏在其中,例如天然氣、石油、金屬礦床等等,然而要找到這些珍貴的資源,就必須要先知道海床之下的地質構造,才能有效率地進行開採。怎麼樣才能知道海底下是什麼樣子呢?美國奧勒岡州立大學 (Oregon State University) 的兩位科學家在近日發表了一種新方法,那就是聽鯨魚唱歌!1
而鯨魚的位置也可以從聲音來判斷,根據從直線抵達地震儀的聲音訊號,以及經過反射後才抵達的訊號間的時間差,可以推算出鯨魚和地震儀之間的距離。知道了距離之後,還需要方向與深度才能確定鯨魚的位置,地震儀可以記錄方位,但鯨魚的深度卻無法得知,還好長鬚鯨大多只在水下二十米以內的深度活動,因此 Kuna 和 Nábělek 假設鯨魚的深度為十公尺,這樣一來就可以推測出鯨魚所在的位置,也就可以正式開始震測圖的繪製了。
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Kuna和Nábělek從三個地震儀中各別分析了兩首歌,總共有六首歌,也就是得到了六個震測結果。結果顯示在每個地震儀的兩首歌之間,所計算出來不論是 P 波和 S 波的波速,或者是玄武岩之上的海洋沉積物厚度,都有著相近的數據,代表了長鬚鯨的歌聲確實可以被用來作為震測的音源。
以市面上備受矚目的 Panasonic A La Uno 全自動洗淨馬桶為例,就是將材料科學、結構工程與流體力學發揮到極致的典型代表:
1. 材料層:有機玻璃系新素材
A La Uno 全自動洗淨馬桶採新開發的「有機玻璃系新素材」(以壓克力高分子為基礎研發的衛浴專用材料,這類高分子成形技術亦被廣泛運用於大型水族館高壓觀景窗與飛機機艙罩)。這種材料表面具備極佳的疏水性與耐水垢特性,水滴不易長時間攤平停留;材質堅固、不易破裂,耐刮、不易造成細小傷痕。通過實驗測試,這種素材配合泡沫洗淨,在沖洗後能有效沖刷掉高達 99.99% 的大腸桿菌,從源頭阻斷細菌定殖。
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2. 結構層:無接縫工藝與三重防濺防護
在宏觀結構上,A La Uno 全自動洗淨馬桶採用無水箱沖水與便器、溫水洗淨便座一體成型設計,減少傳統水箱與座體之間的結構層次及接縫,並搭配可動迴轉式排水系統完成沖洗。更貼心的是其「三重防護」設計:
泡沫防護:在水面上製造一層充沛的泡沫緩衝層,有效抑制男性站立小便時的尿液與污水飛濺;
外圍防護:馬桶邊界特別設計了高約 3mm 的水檔,防止液體延著外壁滴落至地板;
測漏防護:便座與馬桶本體採用不外露的防護設計,避免液體從縫隙飛濺滲漏。
Panasonic A La Uno 全自動洗淨馬桶
3. 動態流體層:雙效泡沫洗淨、漩渦水流與 nanoe™ X
當污垢降落在馬桶內壁時,A La Uno全自動洗淨馬桶 的動態流體科技便接手進行徹底打掃。其「雙效泡沫洗淨」會先釋放直徑約 5mm 的「毫米泡沫」包裹並帶走大塊髒污,再透過直徑約 60微米的「微米泡沫」深入微觀縫隙,徹底溶解殘餘的油脂與細微污垢。接著,配合高度清潔力的「漩渦型強力水流」,利用旋轉產生的流體剪切力,一口氣將附著力已被削弱的污垢剝離並沖走。此外,Panasonic A La Uno 全自動洗淨馬桶還搭襯了 nanoe™ X 健康科技,釋放氫氧離子有效抑制異味與髒污,維持空氣與內壁的良好衛生狀態。
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