二氧化矽、碳化矽、氮化矽這些半導體材料,特別適合使用化學氣相沉積法(CVD, Chemical Vapor Deposition)。CVD 的過程也不難,氫氣、氬氣這些用來攜帶原料的「載氣」,會帶著要參與反應的氣體或原料蒸氣進入反應室。當兩種以上的原料在此混和,便會在已被加熱的目標基材上產生化學反應,逐漸在晶圓表面上長出我們的目標材料。
在 ALD 的第一階段,我們先注入含有 A 成分的前驅物與基板表面反應。在這一步,要確保前驅物只會與基板產生反應,而不會不斷疊加,這樣,形成的薄膜,就絕對只有一層原子的厚度。反應會隨著表面空間的飽和而逐漸停止,這就稱為自我侷限現象。此時,我們可以通入惰性氣體將多餘的前驅物和副產物去除。在第二階段,我們再注入含有 B 成分的化學氣體,與早已附著在基材上的 A 成分反應,合成為我們的目標材料。
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