音樂不是由大腦的單一區域處理的,而是需要多個區域協同合作。當聲音從耳朵進入大腦,聽覺皮質會處理音樂的基本訊息,包括音高、音量和音色,而小腦與基底核協助處理節奏,額葉則負責音樂中的訊息(如聲音與聲音之間的序列關係)。同時,大腦邊緣系統的杏仁核和海馬體則處理音樂引發的情緒(Braun Janzen et al, 2019)。
相較於日常說話,樂器的聲音涵蓋更大的頻率範圍,所以透過音樂訓練,聽損孩子能學會聽取更廣泛的聲音頻率,進而提升對音高的辨識能力(Chen et al., 2010; Torppa et al., 2014)。而不斷重複的接觸,例如讓孩子反覆聆聽歌曲,並配合簡單的動作,也能促進孩子對於聲音刺激的反應速度(Hadjidimitriou, 2013)。此外,歌曲通常由各種樂器和人聲交織而成,尤其是快節奏的音樂,而孩子在嘈雜環境中辨識語音的能力,透過哼唱歌曲或有助於加以提升(Torppa et al., 2018)。
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