一派是 1896 年,由德國物理學家維因(Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien),由熱力學出發推導出的黑體輻射公式,另一派,在 1900 與 1905 年,英國物理學家瑞立(John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh)和金斯(James Jeans),則是藉由電磁學概念,也推導出了他們的黑體輻射公式,稱為瑞立-金斯定律。
你看,若是同時擺上這兩個推導公式,會發現他們都各自對了一半?
維因近似 Wien approximation 只在高頻率的波段才精確。而瑞立-金斯定律只對低頻率波段比較精確,更預測輻射的強度會隨著電磁波頻率的提升而趨近無限大,等等,無限大?――這顯然不合理,因為現實中的黑體並不會放出無限大的能量。
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