新皮質習得的東西極多。我現在身處的房間裡有數百件東西,我就隨便以印表機舉例。我的新皮質已經習得一個印表機的模型,內容包括印表機有一個紙匣,以及如何把紙匣裝進和取出印表機。我知道如何改變印表機使用的紙張大小,也知道如何拆開一疊新的印表機用紙,把這疊紙放進紙匣裡。我知道印表機卡紙時清除廢紙的正確步驟。我知道電源線一端有個 D 型插頭,只能以某個方向插入。我知道印表機運作時的聲音,也知道雙面列印時的聲音有何不同。
裸蓋菇素的研究引起了美國中央情報局 CIA 的注意,不過不是因為什麼違法亂紀的問題,而是他們⋯⋯也想「瞭解更多」!1950年代 CIA 有項名為 MK-Ultra 2 的精神控制計畫,希望找到一些可以作為吐真劑、審訊和行為操縱工具的潛力藥物。他們的實驗藥物包括裸蓋菇素、迷幻藥 LSD、嗎啡、海洛因、一種萃取自仙人掌的致幻劑麥斯卡林等,並在監獄、醫院、學校,甚至從巧立名目的慈善基金會裡招募試驗對象。3
Single-dose psilocybin for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: A case report – PMC (nih.gov)↩︎
Single-dose psilocybin-assisted therapy in major depressive disorder: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial – eClinicalMedicine (thelancet.com)↩︎
Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial | Substance Use and Addiction Medicine | JAMA Psychiatry | JAMA Network↩︎
Long-term Follow-up of Psilocybin-facilitated Smoking Cessation – PMC (nih.gov)↩︎
Frontiers | Persisting Reductions in Cannabis, Opioid, and Stimulant Misuse After Naturalistic Psychedelic Use: An Online Survey (frontiersin.org)↩︎
新皮質習得的東西極多。我現在身處的房間裡有數百件東西,我就隨便以印表機舉例。我的新皮質已經習得一個印表機的模型,內容包括印表機有一個紙匣,以及如何把紙匣裝進和取出印表機。我知道如何改變印表機使用的紙張大小,也知道如何拆開一疊新的印表機用紙,把這疊紙放進紙匣裡。我知道印表機卡紙時清除廢紙的正確步驟。我知道電源線一端有個 D 型插頭,只能以某個方向插入。我知道印表機運作時的聲音,也知道雙面列印時的聲音有何不同。
Greyson, B. (2000). Near-death experiences. In E. Cardeña, S. J. Lynn, & S. Krippner (Eds.), Varieties of anomalous experience: Examining the scientific evidence (pp. 315–352). American Psychological Association.
Chawla, L. S., Akst, S., Junker, C., Jacobs, B., and Seneff, M. G. (2009). Surges of electroencephalogram activity at the time of death: a case series. J. Palliat. Med. 12, 1095–1100. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2009.0159
Borjigin, J., Lee, U. C., Liu, T., Pal, D., Huff, S., Klarr, D., et al. (2013). Surge of neurophysiological coherence and connectivity in the dying brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110, 14432–14437. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1308285110
Vicente R, Rizzuto M, Sarica C, Yamamoto K, Sadr M, Khajuria T, Fatehi M, Moien-Afshari F, Haw CS, Llinas RR, Lozano AM, Neimat JS and Zemmar A (2022) Enhanced Interplay of Neuronal Coherence and Coupling in the Dying Human Brain. Front. Aging Neurosci. 14:813531. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.813531
Xu G, Mihaylova T, Li D, Tian F, Farrehi PM, Parent JM, Mashour GA, Wang MM, Borjigin J. Surge of neurophysiological coupling and connectivity of gamma oscillations in the dying human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 May 9;120(19):e2216268120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2216268120.