除此之外,腹內側前額葉皮質當中的「眼窩扇面(orbital sectors of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex)」這個區域,和我們的右側島腦(right insula)之間,也有緊密的連結:右側島腦負責接收所有的軀體內訊號[26-29],並將這些訊號傳遞至腹內側前額葉皮質眼窩扇面。
自動化歷程(Automatic Processes),指的是我們大腦已經習慣於自動化地執行、回應某一些事情,因而不太需要經過思考,便能夠很快速地執行某一些事情,例如 NBA 球星在灌籃的時候,他們並不需要特別去思考自己該怎麼起跳、腳步要怎麼踏、要怎麼閃過眼前的防守者,因為這已經成為一種自動化的行為,不需要耗費太多的思考與意識即可完成。然而,當我們太自動化地去做某一些事情時,便有可能忽略掉其他的可能性,例如,當一個人被某個心儀的異性、老闆、朋友、老師等拒絕時,便覺得是自己很糟糕,而沒能去看見其他的可能性,例如「其實只是我的特質不適合這份工作」、「其實只是對方還沒有準備好要談戀愛」、「其實只是剛好對方最近很忙,沒時間和我約而已」。相對於自動化歷程的,則是控制化歷程(controlled processing):一件事情在形成自動化歷程之前,會先經歷過控制化歷程,在這個時期,我們得耗費較多的意識去思考我們該如何做,例如一個人在學習如何三步上籃時,一開始可能得先練習一些分解動作,慢慢地才能很順暢地做出三步上籃的動作。關於這兩個歷程的介紹,可以參考雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網。
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討論可參照McCullough, M. E., Tsang, J. A., & Emmons, R. A. (2004). Gratitude in intermediate affective terrain: Links of grateful moods to individual differences and daily emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 295-309.
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感謝貓心的分享 收穫良多呢~