這一系列的研究,牽涉了相當多不同的技術。首先結合超高解析度光學顯微鏡 (dSTORM)與先進的 DNA 標記技術 (Oligopaint),Cattoni 等人在單細胞層次觀察奈米尺度 TAD 接觸行為,透過量化 TAD 內與外空間上接觸強弱機率,發現接觸強弱與細胞的型別、表觀的基因調控息息相關[5]。
接著 Szabo 等人進一步將顯微鏡光學標記(probe)標識在不同表觀類別的 TAD 上[6],發現到,不同表觀 TAD 有著不同的行為:抑制 TAD 可觀察到為穩定的染色體組建單元,然而活躍 TAD 看不到空間中形成相對應的球聚架構 (圖一)。
透過計算顯微鏡下奈米結構單元數量與當初所標記的抑制 TAD 數量一致,證明抑制 TAD 為染色體三級結構組成的基本奈米結構。另外,在顯微鏡底下可發現 TAD 內的兩點果真比 TAD 外的兩點距離來得短,再次證明 TAD 在三級上會形成一個較為緊密的架構,此外相同表觀類別的 TAD 在空間上較容易接觸。
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