首先,什麼樣子的人比較能夠展現自信呢?權力或許是其中一個答案。根據過去的研究,有權力的人能夠感覺到較高的效能感(higher level of agency),對於自己的身體、心智以及正向感覺更有控制感[2];除此之外,權力還可以讓一個人對於未來抱持著更正向的態度,也可以提升我們的認知資源,變得更容易採取行動,更容易去尋找資源幫助自己,更容易針對目標前進(goal-oriented)[3-9];也更願意去承擔一些風險[10]。恩,沒錯,如果你對於憂鬱症有一些了解,有權力者所展現出來的這些特質,剛好是憂鬱者特質的相反。(關於這一方面的資料,可以讀讀另一篇文章〈半杯水的故事:樂觀,真的比較好?〉。
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好了,既然權力可以展現自信,那麼高權力的人,會有什麼樣的特徵呢?先就高權力者的姿勢來看吧!不論是古時候的皇帝,或是現代電影中的老大(想想《動物方城市》當中的 B 老大、《與森林共舞》當中的紅毛猩猩領袖),總是會霸氣地坐在一張寬闊的椅子上吧!你應該很難想像,蜷縮在角落裡抱著膝蓋、低著頭的人是一個團體當中的領袖。沒錯,開闊的姿勢、寬廣的四肢、佔有較多空間的姿態,正是高權力的象徵;相反的,封閉的姿勢、蜷縮的軀幹則是低權力的象徵[9, 11-13]。
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