比較吸菸者與未吸菸者的屍體 (87±6 歲),發現吸菸者的神經元脂質過氧化作用明顯較高。香菸成分複雜,包含尼古丁等其他具有細胞毒性或致癌性的成分;香菸的氣體也具有高濃度的氧化劑。此外抽菸會改變粒線體呼吸鏈的功能、誘發促炎細胞因子的釋放、改變人體主要抗氧化劑穀胱甘肽的合成途徑,並降低其產量。這些因素會造成顱內氧化壓力,可能為乙型-類澱粉蛋白和 tau 病理產生的基礎機轉,進一步造成阿茲海默症[09~15]。
我們可以用下圖簡單做一個總結,吸菸導致氧化壓力的產生,氧化壓力是造成阿茲海默的開端。香菸中的成分尼古丁,則是能藉由增加氧化壓力,或是直接對 tau 蛋白途徑造成影響。
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