太空船在穹界因時間停頓而變得靜止不動這一情況在阿爾迪斯一九七六年寫的《夜裡的黑暗靈魂》(The Dark Soul of the Night)中,亦有頗為形象的描寫。恆星的引力崩塌,在羅伯特.史弗堡(Robert Silverberg)的《前往黑暗之星》(To the Dark Star, 1968)之中卻帶來另一種(雖然是假想的)危險。故事中的主人翁透過遙感裝置「親身」體驗一顆恆星引力塌陷的過程,卻發覺時空的扭曲原來可以使人的精神陷於瘋狂甚至崩潰的境地。
七○年代末的黑洞熱潮,令迪士尼(Walt Disney)的第一部科幻電影製作亦以此為題材。在一九七九年攝製的電影《黑洞》(The Black Hole)之中,太空船「帕魯明諾號」在一次意外中迷航,卻無意中發現了失蹤已久的「天鵝號」太空船。由於「天鵝號」環繞著一個黑洞運行,船上的人因時間延長效應而衰老得很慢。這艘船的船長是一個憤世疾俗的怪人,他的失蹤其實是故意遠離塵世。最後,他情願把船撞向黑洞也不願重返文明。
比起史提芬.史匹堡(Steven Spielberg, 1946-)的科幻電影,這部《黑洞》雖然投資浩大,拍來卻是平淡乏味,成績頗為令人失望。除了電影外,科幻作家艾倫.迪安.霍斯特(Alan Dean Foster, 1946-)亦根據劇本寫成的一本同名的小說。
這篇已顯過時的文章〈醫學干預—視覺藝術遇見醫學技術(Medical interventions—visual art meets medical technology)〉,提到幾位藝術家及他們的創作,第一位叫作奧蘭(Orlan)。這位法國藝術家最出名的事蹟,是在 1990 年代經歷多次整形手術,將自己身體的某部分改造成蒙娜麗莎、維納斯的外觀。
身體形態比較容易辨識,頭腦心智、行為表現卻難的多。兩位外觀相似的人,心靈和行為可能截然不同。光看化石的形態特徵,能分辨誰長的像智人,卻無法判斷是否為「行為學意義上的現代人(behaviorally modern human)」。採用此一概念,尚未發展出類似我們心智、行為的智人,或許可以算是「前人類」的階段。
I have been a massive fan of Frank Herbert’s Dune since childhood due to the fantastical world he first envisioned many decades ago, to be able to look at it as a scientist was a fantastic experience and brought back that childhood wonder. So, I hope this work equally inspires others to learn about how our climate works, how we should not take our planet for granted and maybe even inspires the next generation of climate scientists.
Doyle, L. R., Carter, J. A., Fabrycky, D. C., Slawson, R. W., Howell, S. B., Winn, J. N., … & Fischer, D. (2011). Kepler-16: a transiting circumbinary planet. Science, 333(6049), 1602-1606.
Farnswoth, A, Farnswoth, M, Steinig, S, 2021, Dune: we simulated the desert planet of Arrakis to see if humans could survive there. https://theconversation.com/dune-we-simulated-the-desert-planet-of-arrakis-to-see-if-humans-could-survive-there-170181?fbclid=IwAR2EhRwjxNsGtFdkZGic8SZRS7cOgQbjfFXt27PmGYyZoVLH3BpANma569g
Farnworth, A, 2021, Personal Communication.
Valdes, P. J., Armstrong, E., Badger, M. P. S., Bradshaw, C. D., Bragg, F., Crucifix, M., Davies-Barnard, T., Day, J. J., Farnsworth, A., Gordon, C., Hopcroft, P. O., Kennedy, A. T., Lord, N. S., Lunt, D. J., Marzocchi, A., Parry, L. M., Pope, V., Roberts, W. H. G., Stone, E. J., Tourte, G. J. L., and Williams, J. H. T.: The BRIDGE HadCM3 family of climate models: HadCM3@Bristol v1.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3715–3743, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3715-2017, 2017.
Lawrence, D. M., Fisher, R. A., Koven, C. D., Oleson, K. W., Swenson, S. C., Bonan, G., … & Zeng, X. (2019). The Community Land Model version 5: Description of new features, benchmarking, and impact of forcing uncertainty. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11(12), 4245-4287. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018MS001583