如果在「三跤㧣」選舉之下,選情的激盪從候選人的得票多少看不出來,那要從哪裡看?政治學提供的一個方法是把候選人配對 PK,看是否有一位候選人能在所有的 PK 中取勝。這樣的候選人並不一定存在,如果不存在,那代表有 A 與 B 配對 A 勝,B 與 C 配對 B 勝,C 與 A 配對 C 勝的 A>B>C>A 的情形。這種情形,一般叫做「循環多數」(cyclical majorities),是 18 世紀法國學者孔多塞(Nicolas de Condorcet)首先提出。循環多數的存在意涵選舉結果隱藏了政治動盪。
台大電機系畢業,美國明尼蘇達大學政治學博士,
現任教於美國德州大學奧斯汀校區政府系。
林教授每年均參與中央研究院政治學研究所及政大選研中心
「政治學計量方法研習營」(Institute for Political Methodology)的教學工作,
並每兩年5-6月在台大政治系開授「理性行為分析專論」密集課程。
林教授的中文部落格多為文學、藝術、政治、社會、及文化評論。
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可是海上的風就是比陸地上強上好幾倍,這麼香的風力來源怎麼能放著不用呢?來自挪威的公司 World Wide Wind 提出了一種浮標式風電機組,省去了海底工程的麻煩。這種風電機組採用垂直軸的設計,這樣機組就不會被海風吹著跑。整個裝置可以靠著海面下的配重平衡地直立在海面上,除了電纜之外不須要任何固定措施。這大大地擴展了離岸風電的發展空間。許多最佳的風場位在離岸較遠的深海區域,我們沒辦法在這些海床上豎立巨大的水平軸風車,這時候就可以透過漂浮式構造來擴張風電的勢力範圍。